Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Clinical Protocol #36: The Mastitis Spectrum

Therapeutic ultrasound, or TUS, uses thermal energy to reduce inflammation and relieve edema. TUS may be an effective treatment for conditions arising in the mastitis spectrum.

Nonpharmacologic Approaches to Pain, Engorgement, and Plugging in Lactation: Applying Physical Therapy Techniques From Breast Cancer Care to Breastfeeding Patients

Breast and nipple pain is one of the most common reasons why mothers stop breastfeeding earlier than recommended. Once conditions such as subacute mastitis, oversupply, and dermatitis have been treated or ruled out, functional breast pain may persist. We describe validated physical therapy techniques that may reduce chronic pain in breastfeeding. These techniques include lymphatic massage, reverse-pressure softening, kinesiology taping, neural mobilization, cupping, and therapeutic ultrasound.